Tortuosity Audit
Choose a conduit geometry, or draw one. Every straw is measured between the same two endpoints, 0.20 m apart, using the methods of Express Straw Research Institute (2026).
Annualized NBPR Exposure
Time spent waiting on conduit length that serves no identifiable transport function, for one employee, under the same idealized model.
Model: each geometry is treated as an ideal cylinder of its own centerline length, r = 3.0 mm, steady fully developed laminar flow, equal available pressure; Q ∝ 1/L (§2.2), t ∝ L, Vprime = πr²L (§4.2). Reference delivery time for the Express Straw is taken as 30 s for 350 mL. Priming-test animation: priming volume is τ× larger and flow τ× smaller, so the fill takes τ² as long (capped for legibility). Performance calculations are theoretical and subject to stated assumptions.